Calculating the odds of drawing two pairs OR three of a kind when drawing five cards from a deck : A (52:52*) A: A (3:51*), B (48:51*) (1:17) (16:17) AA: A (2:50 = WIN), B (48:50*) AAB: A (2:49 = WIN), B (3:49 = WIN), C (42:49*) AABC: A (2:48 = WIN), B (3:48 = WIN), C (3:48 = WIN), D (40:48 = LOSE) AB: A (3:50*), B (3:50*), C (44:50*) ABA: A (2:49 = WIN), B (3:49 = WIN), C (44:49*) ABB: A (2:49 = WIN), B (2:49 = WIN), C (44:49*) ABC: A (3:49*), B (3:49*), C (3:49*), D (40:49 = LOSE) ABAC: A (2:48 = WIN), B (3:48 = WIN), C (3:48 = WIN), D (40:48 = LOSE) ABBC: A (3:48 = WIN), B (2:48 = WIN), C (3:48 = WIN), D (40:48 = LOSE) ABCA: A (2:48 = WIN), B (3:48 = WIN), C (3:48 = WIN), D (40:48 = LOSE) ABCB: A (3:48 = WIN), B (2:48 = WIN), C (3:48 = WIN), D (40:48 = LOSE) ABCC: A (3:48 = WIN), B (3:48 = WIN), C (2:48 = WIN), D (40:48 = LOSE) AAA: 1:17 * 2:50 = 1:425 = 4704:1999200 AABA: 1:17 * 48:50 * 2:49 = 96:41650 = 48:20825 = 4608:1999200 AABB: 1:17 * 48:50 * 3:49 = 144:41650 = 72:20825 = 3456:1999200 AABCA: 1:17 * 48:50 * 42:49 * 2:48 = 4032:1999200 = 6:2975 AABCB: 1:17 * 48:50 * 42:49 * 3:48 = 6048:1999200 = 9:2975 AABCC: 1:17 * 48:50 * 42:49 * 3:48 = 6048:1999200 = 9:2975 ABAA: 16:17 * 3:50 * 2:49 = 96:41650 = 4608:1999200 ABAB: 16:17 * 3:50 * 3:49 = 144:41650 = 6912:1999200 ABBA: 16:17 * 3:50 * 3:49 = 144:41650 = 6912:1999200 ABBB: 16:17 * 3:50 * 2:49 = 96:41650 = 4608:1999200 ABACA: 16:17 * 3:50 * 44:49 * 2:48 = 4224:1999200 ABACB: 16:17 * 3:50 * 44:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABACC: 16:17 * 3:50 * 44:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABACA: 16:17 * 3:50 * 44:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABACB: 16:17 * 3:50 * 44:49 * 2:48 = 4224:1999200 ABACC: 16:17 * 3:50 * 44:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABCAA: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 2:48 = 4224:1999200 ABCAB: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABCAC: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABCBA: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABCBB: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 2:48 = 4224:1999200 ABCBC: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABCCA: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABCCB: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 3:48 = 6336:1999200 ABCCC: 16:17 * 44:50 * 3:49 * 2:48 = 4224:1999200 Total sum: 136416:1999200 = 6.82% How about the odds of getting a flush if you keep three cards of a suit: 10:47 * 9:46 = 90*2162 = 4.16% Conclusion: In five-card draw you've got about a 13% chance of getting two pair or three of a kind between your two hands, if you don't keep anything. Keeping a random card will increase your chances slightly. Keeping a pair will increase your chances significantly. If you do not have a pair and do have three of the same suit, it's likely not worth it to go for the flush. - UNACCOUNTED FOR: On the second draw, five unique cards are missing, potentially making it harder to get a pair/3ofK